Abstract:
The use of Alum as coagulant can bring long term or short term negative effects to
human due to the residue of Alum in treated water. Therefore, natural coagulant and
coagulant aid should be used to replace the chemical coagulants. In this research,
seeds of Moringa oleifera and Mangifera indica were chosen as natural coagulant and
coagulant aid respectively in order to replace chemical coagulants. The objectives
were to characterize Moringa oleifera and Mangifera indica seed in terms of their
surface morphology by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the presence of
functional groups by using Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and their
surface area by using Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET). The second objective was
to determine the optimum dosage and pH of Moringa oleifera and Mangifera indica
seeds in coagulation process. The Moringa oleifera seed had spherical structure with
small pores on surface while Mangifera indica seed appeared as an irregular granule
unit with rough surface. Functional groups that present in Moringa oleifera seed were
amine and hydroxyl groups due to the presence of protein while for Mangifera indica
were aldehyde and hydroxyl groups due to the presence of starch. The BET surface
area of Moringa oleifera was larger than Mangifera indica. The optimum dosages of
Moringa oleifera and Mangifera indica were determined by using jar test. Three main
parameters that were being studied were turbidity, Total Suspended Solid and pH of
synthetic turbid water.
