Disordered Lini0.5mn1.5o4 Synthesized Via Molten Salt And Ball-Milling Approaches For High Voltage Cathode In Lithium-Ion Batteries: Materials Characteristics And Electrochemical Properties

Abstract

LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) has been successfully synthesized via molten salt and ball- milling methods using three different types of precursors, which is acetate, carbonate, and chloride. The powders obtained from both methods were annealed at the temperatures of 750, 850 and 950 °C; respectively for 12 hours. The structure and morphology of the LNMO were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope, and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The XRD patterns of all samples can be indexed to Fd3m space group (Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards-card no: 80-2162). The samples formed a polyhedral shape with particles sizes, ranging between 0.5 and 7.0 µm for LNMO synthesized from molten salt method, while for the LNMO prepared from ball-milling method the particle sizes were ~ 0.1 – 5.0 µm. The HRTEM results show the d-spacing of the lattice fringes measured was 0.24 nm and consistent with the characteristics plane (311) of LNMO for space group of Fd3m. Next, galvanostatic charge-discharge and cyclic voltammetry were performed for evaluate the electrochemical performances of the LNMO. For