Transboundary marine protected area for optimal marine environmental protection in Brunei Bay, South China Sea

Abstract

This study is focused on marine environmental protection in Malaysia streamlining towards the proposed transboundary marine protected area (TMBPA) in Brunei Bay (BB). Located on the west coast off both the states of Sabah and Sarawak, its access to the South China Sea exposes BB to anthropogenic pollution. There are three objectives of this study:-(i) to examine the domestication of international laws in Malaysia; (ii) to examine the efficacy and sufficiency of the existing Malaysian governance framework in governing her marine environment; and (ii) to examine the possibility of designating a TBMPA in BB involving Malaysia (Federal Territory of Labuan and the states of Sabah and Sarawak) and Brunei.