Mating system and genetic variability of spotted seahorse (Hippocampus kuda) from Pulau Estuary, Johor

Abstract

The first part of this study was to clarify whether H. kuda in Pulai Estuary possess truly long term pair bonding and monogamous mating system through microsatellite DNA markers. A total of 330 embryos from 19 brooding males were analyzed using four microsatellite markers (Habd3, Habd9, Hcau11 and Hcau36).