Development of polymeric thin film composite nanofiltration (TFC-NF) membrane for mono and divalent salts removal

Abstract

In the last few decades, considerable efforts have been invested into the development of membranes that combine the high retention of reverse osmosis with the lower pressure of ultrafiltration which resulted in the development of nanofiltration (NF) membranes. They potentially offered nanometer ranges of pore radius, high retention of charged particles, inherent charges and lower operating pressure which its applications are tremendously expanding especially in the field of processed water, drinking water and wastewater treatment.