Abstract:
Roots are very much the 'hidden half' of any plant, and no more so that when grown
as landscape plants in the urban environment. Root systems are expected to
'perform' in a variety of difficult and stressful environments, whether they are
constrained in containers of limited volume, planted into shallow soils with restricted
water / nutrient availability (e.g. green roofs) or even expected to grow in the
absence of soil (e.g. within hydroponic systems commonly used in green facades).