Abstract:
Antimicrobial activities of Xestospongia testudinaria on pathogenic bacteria were
investigated. The sponge has been collected from Pulau Bidong and extracted using
methanol, ethanol and chloroform. The antimicrobial activity was carried out using Disc
Diffusion Methods on four strains of Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus cereus,
Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilus, Enterococcus faecalisa and four Gram-negative
bacteria, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, and
Klebsiella pneumonia. Bacteria inhibition process depends on the types of the crude
extract and the types of the bacteria The methanol and chloroform extracts were found to
inhibit the growth of three Gram-positive bacteria and one Gram-negative bacteria while
the ethanol extracts inhibit the growth of two gram positive bacteria and one gram
negative bacteria. The methanol extracts at concentration of 500 mg/ml showed the
highest activities against the pathogenic bacteria. Range of diameters for the extracts
inhibition zones for bacteria growth are between 7 to 15 mm for concentration of 100,
200 and 500 mg/ml. Xestospongia testudinaria has been approved to contained some
bioactive compound which positive against pathogenic bacteria.
