Crude extract of xestospongia sp. and its antimicrobial activity on pathogenic bacteria

Abstract

Antimicrobial activities of Xestospongia testudinaria on pathogenic bacteria were investigated. The sponge has been collected from Pulau Bidong and extracted using methanol, ethanol and chloroform. The antimicrobial activity was carried out using Disc Diffusion Methods on four strains of Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilus, Enterococcus faecalisa and four Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, and Klebsiella pneumonia. Bacteria inhibition process depends on the types of the crude extract and the types of the bacteria The methanol and chloroform extracts were found to inhibit the growth of three Gram-positive bacteria and one Gram-negative bacteria while the ethanol extracts inhibit the growth of two gram positive bacteria and one gram negative bacteria. The methanol extracts at concentration of 500 mg/ml showed the highest activities against the pathogenic bacteria. Range of diameters for the extracts inhibition zones for bacteria growth are between 7 to 15 mm for concentration of 100, 200 and 500 mg/ml. Xestospongia testudinaria has been approved to contained some bioactive compound which positive against pathogenic bacteria.